Kukutengerani pamiyala - granite

Granite ndiye mwala wofala kwambiri padziko lapansi.Zimapanga gawo lalikulu la kutumphuka kosinthika kwambiri kontinenti malinga ndi kapangidwe kake ka mankhwala ndipo ndi chizindikiro chofunikira chomwe chimasiyanitsa Dziko Lapansi ndi mapulaneti ena.Imasunga zinsinsi za kukula kwa kutumphuka kwa kontinenti, kusinthika kwa malaya ndi kutumphuka, komanso ndi mchere.

Pankhani ya genesis, granite ndi mwala wozama kwambiri wa acidic magmatic, womwe umapangidwa makamaka ngati thanthwe kapena zovuta.Sizovuta kusiyanitsa granite ndi maonekedwe ake;chosiyana ndi mtundu wake wotumbululuka, makamaka wofiyira thupi.Maminolo akuluakulu omwe amapanga granite ndi quartz, feldspar ndi mica, kotero nthawi zambiri mtundu ndi kuwala kwa granite zimasiyana malinga ndi feldspar, mica ndi mchere wakuda.Mu granite, quartz imapanga 25-30% ya chiwerengero chonse, imakhala ndi mawonekedwe a galasi laling'ono lokhala ndi greasy sheen;potassium feldspar amawerengera 40-45% ya feldspar ndi plagioclase 20%.Chimodzi mwazinthu za mica ndikuti imatha kugawidwa kukhala ma flakes oonda okhala ndi singano pozungulira.Nthawi zina granite imatsagana ndi mchere wa paramorphic monga amphibole, pyroxene, tourmaline ndi garnet, koma izi ndi zachilendo kapena sizidziwika mosavuta.

Ubwino wa granite ndiwopambana kwambiri, umakhala wofanana, wolimba, wocheperako wamadzi, mphamvu yopondereza yamwala imatha kufika 117.7 mpaka 196.1MPa, chifukwa chake nthawi zambiri imawonedwa ngati maziko abwino a nyumba, monga ma Gorges atatu, Xinfengjiang, Madamu a Longyangxia, Tenseitan ndi ma hydroelectric madamu amamangidwa pa granite.Granite ndi mwala wabwino kwambiri womangira, uli ndi kulimba kwabwino, ndipo uli ndi mphamvu zopondereza kwambiri, porosity yaying'ono, kuyamwa kwamadzi pang'ono, kuthamanga kwamafuta othamanga, kukana kuvala bwino, kulimba kwambiri, kukana chisanu, kukana kwa asidi, kukana dzimbiri, sikuvuta kupirira nyengo. , kotero nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga zipilala za mlatho, masitepe, misewu, komanso nyumba zamatabwa, mipanda ndi zina zotero.Granite sikuti ndi yamphamvu komanso yothandiza, komanso imakhala ndi malo osalala okhala ndi ngodya zowoneka bwino, motero imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokongoletsa mkati ndipo imatengedwa ngati mwala wokongoletsa kwambiri.

Granite si mtundu umodzi wa miyala, koma ili ndi mitundu yambiri, yomwe imawonetsa zinthu zosiyanasiyana kutengera zinthu zomwe imasakanizidwa.Pamene granite imasakanizidwa ndi orthoclase, nthawi zambiri imawoneka pinki.Ma granite ena amakhala otuwa kapena, akasinthidwa, amakhala obiriwira kwambiri.